First Incision
A podcast about preparing for the General Surgery Fellowship Exam. Each year, Australian and New Zealand surgical trainees sit this exam in order to gain a 'fellowship' in General Surgery. This podcast follows one trainee doctor on her journey towards FRACS (Fellowship Royal Australian College of Surgeons). The series correspond to the different modules from the surgical curriculum.
Episodes
Guest Episode on Small Bowel Tumours with Tamara Vu
This episode is the second of a series that has been produced in collaboration with the Australian and New Zealand Training Board in Colon and Rectal Surgery (ANZTBCRS). It has come out of work prepared for the Colorectal Fellow's Training Weekend held in Adelaide in August 2023.Tamara Vu presents a really comprehensive summary of Small Bowel Tumours - a mammoth topic covering:- the main type
Guest Episode on Chest Trauma with James McKay
This episode covers the topic of chest trauma, with the James Mckay, an incredible general surgeon, trauma surgeon, and dual trained intensive care physician.Topics covered include:- rib fractures- flail chest- blunt cardiac injury- chest drains- resuscitative thoracotomyAnd more! DisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fel
Guest Episode on Familial Cancer Syndromes with Chris Wakeman
This guest episode with colorectal surgeon Chris Wakeman focuses on the common familial cancer syndromes. For each we go through diagnosis, genetics, surveillance, management, decision making and more. Topics include:- Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)- Lynch Syndrome- Serrated Polyposis Syndrome- OligopolyposisHere are some resources Dr Wakeman suggested might be helpful when covering this top
Guest Episode on Malignant Colorectal Polyps with Henry Drysdale
This episode is the first part of a series that has been produced in collaboration with the Australian and New Zealand Training Board in Colon and Rectal Surgery (ANZTBCRS). It has come out of work prepared for the Colorectal Fellow's Training Weekend held in Adelaide in August 2023.Henry Drysdale won the Phillip Douglas Prize for his presentation on malignant colorectal polyps and is our gu
Guest Episode on Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) for Rectal Cancer with Simon Richards
For this guest episode we are joined by Dr Simon Richards, as colorectal surgeon from Christchurch New Zealand.This episode is a masterclass in Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) for Rectal Cancer. We cover:- the traditional paradigm of rectal cancer management and how it's progressed to where we are now- what is TNT- what is 'watch and wait' and 'organ preservation'- the mai
Guest Episode on Bariatric Surgery with Carla Gillespie
On this guest episode we are joined by Dr Carla Gillespie, an UGI, bariatric and general surgeon from Sydney to cover the topic of bariatric surgery.We cover:- pathophysiology- types of operations- considerations when deciding what operation- complications - immediate and late- how to remove a lap band- and some general exam and career advice!DisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended a
Intestinal Failure
From the vault (courtesy of Tara who found it).This episode covers the topic of intestinal failure. It includes:- definition- classification- pathophysiology- prevention- the three phases- intestinal adaptation- management- complications (short and long term)DisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship Exam.This informat
Guest Episode on Fellowship with Ashwini Pondicherry and Jamie Crichton
In this week's 'Christmas Special' episode I am joined by Ashwini Pondicherry and Jamie Crichton to reflect on our first year of fellowship.We discuss some of the good things about this transition, but also some of the more difficult and formative aspects and how we negotiated them.The step from registrar to fellow/consultant is a HUGE one and we hope that by talking about some of t
Breast Cancer Cases - Guest Episode with Ashwini Pondicherry
Our first episode back (in a while - sorry!) is an incredible guest episode that is worth the wait. We talk through a series of breast cancer cases with Ashwini Pondicherry, the current breast fellow at Christchurch hospital, to cover a wide range of topics in breast cancer. This includes some updates from the original breast cancer episodes (which were published over 2 years ago now).This episode
Guest Episode on Operative Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Michael Johnston
This guest episode covers the essentials you need to know when talking about operative surgery in inflammatory bowel disease.We are joined by colorectal and general surgeon Mr Michael Johnston who has significant experience in looking after these patients.We talk about:- ileocolic resections- what to do with crohn's fistulas to the sigmoid- stricturoplasty techniques- how to handle the crohn&
Salivary Gland Pathology and Neck Space Infections
In this episode we go into some of the pathologies that can affect the salivary gland, as well as the different neck infections we need to know about. Topics covered include:Salivary Gland Pathology- Salivary gland calculi (sialolithiasis)- Infections / Inflammation including sialadenitis- Plunging ranulasCervical Infections- Compartments of the neck- Different infections and neck abscessesAs I me
Financial Guest Episode with DPM Financial
On this guest episode, we talk to Anthony Payne, a financial and tax consultant with DPM Financial about some of the financial changes we will face transitioning from being a registrar to fellowship and consultancy.Some of the topics we cover include:- Transitioning from employee to sole trader, and the implications on this for Tax, Super, Insurances and Leave. - What an ABN is and why you need it
Salivary Gland Anatomy and Tumours
In this first episode from the Head and Neck module of our curriculum we touch on salivary gland pathology. Including:- Salivary gland anatomy - including the parotid and submandibular glands. As part of this we cover the important anatomical relations and the parasympathetic supply (highly examinable!)- Common tumours of the salivary glands and how to treat them- Some operative tips and how to de
Guest Episode on Urology with Dr Anita Clarke
This week we are joined by the incredible urologist Dr Anita Clarke to talk about all things urology!We cover:- the benefits of multidisciplinary surgical approach- putting in a ureteric stent- the diagnosis and management of bladder cancer (for general surgeons)- management of intra-operative ureteric injuries- the difficult urinary catheter and inserting a suprapubic catheterAs well as other lif
Guest Episode with A/Prof Phil Carson
Welcome to this guest episode with A/Prof Phil Carson. A/Prof Carson is a general surgeon from Darwin and the most recent ex-censor in chief of RACS. We are lucky enough to have him for this special episode to cover a range of topics filled with pearls and insights from his varied and interesting career.We cover:- some background into his life as a rural generalist in Darwin.- what to do to prepar
A/Prof Kellee Slater Guest Episode on HPB and Liver Transplant
We are lucky enough this week to be joined by the incredible Kellee Slater - HPB and hernia surgeon from Queensland. In addition to being an incredible surgeon, researcher, published author and presenter, A/Prof Slater has been extremely generous and joined us to cover topics from the hepatobiliary and transplant modules.I hope you enjoy listening to this episode as much as I enjoyed recording it.
Introduction to Transplant
I'm back! After a nice break holidaying around Italy I bring you an introduction to the transplant module! Hopefully this covers enough background to get started with the module including transplant immunobiology, immunosuppressive medications, criteria for organ donation and complications of immunosuppression.DisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the pur
Appendix - acute appendicitis, appendiceal tumours and pseudomyxoma peritonei
I know I promised you all a series on urology but I'm taking a break this week and releasing a bonus episode from the vault!This episode covers all the appendiceal pathologies from the 'emergency' module of the curriculum:- acute appendicitis- appendiceal tumours including adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, mucinous neoplasms, goblet cell adenocarcinoma, and neuroendocrine tum
Urology - Testicular Tumours, Varicocles, Hydroceles and Epididymal Cysts
This episode continues our foray into the urology topics we need to know for our general surgical exams. We cover:- testicular tumours including the presentation, subtypes, workup, radical inguinal orchidectomy and management- Varicoceles- Hydroceles (including some operative points on Jaboulay and Lord's procedures)- and epididymal cystsDisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended a
Urology Anatomy and Embryology
From the abdominal wall, retroperitoneum and urogenital module from the curriculum I bring you the first in a series of podcasts covering urology!We have to know quite a few urology topics for our exam, but where better to start than by covering anatomy and embryology. In this episode we cover the clinically relevant anatomy of:- the kidneys- ureter- bladder- testes- vas deferens- seminal vesicles
Pathophysiology Exam Quiz - sepsis and critical care, nutrition, skin and soft tissue, trauma, vascular and abdominal compartment syndrome
This episode is number 3 in our series of pathophysiology quiz episodes.We cover pathophysiology topics from the following modules:- sepsis and critical care- nutrition- skin and soft tissue- trauma- vascular, and - abdominal compartment syndromeDisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship Exam.This information is not t
Pathophysiology Exam Quiz - UGI, Breast, Colorectal, Emergency and Head and Neck
This episode is number 2 in our series of pathophysiology quiz episodes.We cover pathophysiology topics from the following modules:- Upper GI- Breast- Colorectal- Emergency- Head and NeckDisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship Exam.This information is not to be considered to include any recommendations or medical ad
Pathophysiology Exam Quiz - Endocrine, Small Bowel, Bariatric and HPB
After the success of our Genetic Syndrome's Quiz episode, we bring you the first in a series of Pathophysiology quiz episodes!This episode is in a question and answer format - where I ask a question and give you time to think of the answer before giving it to you.We cover a variety of pathophysiology questions from the endocrine, small bowel, bariatric and hepatobiliary modules from the gener
Critically Ill Surgical Patient: Sepsis, Shock, SIRS, MODS
After a short hiatus First Incision is back!This episode goes through the definitions of all the conditions which may affect our critically ill surgical patients. It also goes through the pathophysiology of these conditions.We finish off by talking a little bit about some of the medications that may be used by the ICU for these critically ill patients.In my exam pathophysiology VIVA they asked me
Surgical Oncology - Genetic Syndromes Exam Quiz
Hi everyone! We're trying something different this week with a new format for the podcast.This episode covers a range of genetic syndromes that we need to know for the exam. The format is a 'call and respond' or 'question-answer' type format where I ask a question and give you a chance to see if you know the answer before telling you myself!You might find this useful in th
Exam Recap with Ben Finlay
Spoiler alert - We Passed! In this week's episode we reflect on the exam and the whole process of preparation for and actually sitting the exam. We are joined by Ben Finlay (circa the trauma podcasts) to share his experience as well! We discuss:- exam preparation- study group- tutorials and other resources- the written exam- the viva exam- practicalities from travelling for the exam and how w
Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Featuring Julie Howle
This week's episode covers retroperitoneal sarcoma. Another difficult sarcoma topic most trainees wouldn't see during their training. This episode covers the presentation, subtypes, workup and management of these tumours. It also features a discussion with Dr Julie Howle, a medical oncologist from Westmead Hospital who has been so helpful discussing many difficult surgical oncology topic
Soft Tissue Sarcoma Featuring Julie Howle
This week's episode covers everything we need to know about soft tissue sarcomas.There are so many sarcomas it can feel a bit overwhelming, so this episode breaks it down into what we need to know as general surgeons, and for the exam. It features some of my discussions on this topic with the incredible Dr Julie Howle - a surgical oncologist from Westmead Hospital in Sydney.In particular we c
Anatomy of the popliteal fossa and leg
This week's episode finishes our series on limb anatomy!This is an area of anatomy which is not as frequently encountered by general surgeons so is a great topic to revise before the exam.These episodes covered the anatomy and also the clinically and surgically relevant anatomy for each area.DisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the Genera
Anatomy of the thigh and gluteal region
This week's episode continues our series on limb anatomy.This is an area of anatomy which is not as frequently encountered by general surgeons so is a great topic to revise before the exam.These episodes aim to cover the anatomy and also the clinically and surgically relevant anatomy for each area.Also happy birthday to me! :)DisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision
Anatomy of the wrist, carpal tunnel and hand
This week's episode completes the upper limb component of our series on limb anatomy.Limb anatomy is not as frequently encountered by general surgeons so is a great topic to revise before the exam.These episodes aim to cover the anatomy and also the clinically and surgically relevant anatomy for each area.Good Luck to everyone sitting their clinical VIVA exams this week! DisclaimerThe informa
Anatomy of the forearm and cubital fossa
This week's episode is the second in our series on limb anatomy.This week we cover the anatomy of the forearm and cubital fossa.This is an area of anatomy which is not as frequently encountered by general surgeons so is a great topic to revise before the exam.These episodes aim to cover the anatomy and also the clinically and surgically relevant anatomy for each area.DisclaimerThe information
Anatomy of the shoulder, brachial plexus and arm
This week's episode kicks off a series on limb anatomy.This is an area of anatomy which is not as frequently encountered by general surgeons so is a great topic to revise before the exam.These episodes aim to cover the anatomy and also the clinically and surgically relevant anatomy for each area.DisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the Ge
Aneurysmal Disease
This episode covers the topic of aneurysmal disease from the vascular module of the general surgical curriculum.We cover:- definition- classification- pathogenesis- risk factors- natural history focussing on abdominal aortic aneurysms- management DisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship Exam.This information is not t
Diabetic Foot
This episode covers what we need to know about the diabetic foot - a favourite topic for the general surgical exam. - background- pathophysiology - workup and important factors to consider- classification systems - management - some information about charcot neuroarthropathy DisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship E
Venous disease
This week's episode covers the topic of venous disease. This includes varicose veins and venous hypertension (chronic venous insufficiency).- the epidemiology- anatomy of lower limb veins- pathophysiology of chronic venous htn and the consequences of this disease (haemosiderin deposition, lipodermatosclerosis and venous eczema)- classification systems- risk factors- presentation - workup- man
Acute Limb Ischaemia
This episode covers everything we need to know about acute limb ischaemia. - definition- aetiology- risk factors- severity assessment- pathophysiology- presentation- workup- managementIncluding how to perform embolectomy and fasciotomy DisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship Exam.This information is not to be consid
Chronic Limb Ischaemia
This week's episode starts us off with the vascular module of the general surgical curriculum.We cover chronic limb ischaemia, also known as chronic arterial disease. - definition- presentation- pathophysiology - risk factors- the rutherford classification - workup - severity classifications- management DisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes o
Hyperhidrosis and Hidraadenitis Suppurativa
This week's episode covers the sweat-gland related pathologies covered in the skin and soft tissue module:Starting with anatomy of the sweat glands and the autonomic nervous system.Hyperhydrosis including- presentation- primary and secondary causes- managementHydraadenitis Suppurativa- presentation- pathophysiology- diagnosis- classification- managementDisclaimerThe information in this podcas
Basal Cell Carcinoma
This week's episode covers everything you need to know about basal cell carcinoma including- presentation- risk factors- histological subtypes- poor prognostic factors- management including topical treatments, surgery, radiotherapy and targeted treatmentsDisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship Exam.This informa
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
This week's episode covers everything you need to know about cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.- presentation- risk factors- premalignant lesions- histopathology- workup and when to stage- grading- TNM staging- poor prognostic markers - management including topical treatments, surgery, radiotherapy, systemic treatments and nodal treatmentDisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended a
Merkel Cell Carcinoma feat. Julie Howle
This week's episode covers the topic of Merkel Cell Carcinoma - a favourite question in the exam. We have added the discussion we had with Dr Julie Howle onto the end of this episode. Dr Howle a surgical oncologist from Westmead Hospital who has an interest in these rare cancers.We cover:- background- risk factors- pathogenesis- presentation- diagnosis- staging- histopathology- and managemen
Guest Episode on Melanoma with Julie Howle
This week's episode welcomes our guest Dr Julie Howle who is a surgical oncologist from Westmead Hospital in Sydney.We cover a wide range of topics related to management of melanoma including:- precursor lesions- whether ulceration relates to the clinical or histopathological diagnosis of ulceration- when to perform systemic staging for melanoma- management of in-transit and satellite lesions
Management of Melanoma
This week's episode continues on from last week to discuss the management of MelanomaThis episode covers:- wide local excision and the surgical margin- lymph node biopsy and when to perform it, as well as a summary of the MSLT 1 and MSLT2 trials- the role of lymphadenectomy - the role of radiotherapy in melanoma- systemic therapy including the targeted therapies (BRAF and MEK inhibitors), and
Introduction to Melanoma
This week's episode introduces us to the topic of melanoma We cover: - Risk factors- Precursor lesions- Histopathology and important histopathological features related to poor prognosis - Melanoma types and their appearance including superficial spreading, nodular, lentigo maligna melanoma, acral lentiginous, and desmoplastic - Workup including excisional biopsy and when to stage patients- St
Introduction to Skin
This week's episode introduces us to the topic of 'skin'. I know it seems weird that I would do an episode just on this but bear with me! The topics covered include:- the function of the skin as an organ- histopathology of the layers of the skin- Fitzpatrick skin types- history and examination of a skin lesions- principles and pathophysiology of flaps and grafts- topical treatments
Topical Haemostatic Agents and Anticoagulants
This week's episode covers the useful topics of topical haemostatic agents and anticoagulants.We discuss principles of haemostasis, the coagulation cascade, how topical haemostatic agents work, the different classes and when to use them. We also cover anticoagulants, the different types, how they work, when to stop them before surgery and how to reverse them if you need to quickly!Great high
Burns, Blasts, and Extremity Compartment Syndrome
This week's episode is co-hosted by Ben Finlay. We cover a wide range of topics including:Burns- initial resuscitation including the parkland formula - assessment of depth and extent of burns (rule of nines- burns management- frostbite Blast injuries- pathophysiology - managementExtremity compartment syndrome and how to perform fasciotomyThe blast injury talk Ben mentioned was from the recent
Hollow Viscus and Pelvic Trauma
This week's trauma episode is presented with our guest host Ben Finlay.We cover hollow viscus injuries including:- gastric- duodenal- small bowel- colonic, and- rectal injuriesWe also cover pelvic trauma including:- pelvic fractures and the Young and Burgess classification - pelvic bleeding management including how to perform preperitoneal pelvic packing- bladder injuries, and - ureteric inju
Abdominal Trauma - solid organ and retroperitoneal
This week's episode welcomes back Ben Finlay to help present abdominal trauma.We go through:- trauma laparotomy- liver trauma- splenic trauma- pancreatic trauma- renal trauma - and retroperitoneal haematomas and what to do with them!Special mentions include how to do right and left medial visceral rotations, and some operative decision making that will be super high yield for the exam.The ANZ
Neck Trauma
This episode explores blunt and penetrating neck trauma with special guest Ben Finlay.We discuss:Blunt cerebrovascular injury including:- the grading system- Denver screening criteria- diagnosis - managementPenetraing neck trauma- zones of the neck- hard and soft signs of vascular and aerodigestive tract injuries- approaches to management including the 'zonal approach' and 'no-zone&
Introduction to Trauma
This week's episode introduces us to some concepts in trauma with our new guest host Ben Finlay!We cover a wide range of topics including:- Primary and secondary survey- Trauma adjuncts - Fast exam- Pathophysiology of trauma and shock- Massive transfusion protocol- Principles of damage control surgery and resuscitation- Teg and ROTEMAnd more!DisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intend
Guest Episode on Operative HPB with Michael Crawford
This week's guest episode features Dr Michael Crawford who is a hepatobiliary, hernia and liver transplant surgeon from Sydney.We cover a wide range of operative topics including:How to perform gastroenterostomyDifficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy- Features preoperatively that make you suspicious it will be difficult- Mirrizi syndrome- Bail out options for difficult gallbl
Guest Episode with Laurence Webber
This week's guest episode is with Dr Laurence Webber, a hepatobiliary surgeon from Western Australia.We cover a wide range of topics including:Practicalities of post-fellowship exam life including:- Pathways in surgical training - How to get a job after surgical training00:00 - 00:25 minsClinical topics including:Colorectal liver metastases:- What to do with disappearing liver metastases- Che
Genetic Endocrine Disorders
This episode has everything you need to know about genetic conditions that predispose to endocrine tumours. We cover:- Multiple endocrine noeplasia (MEN) type 1- MEN types 2a and 2b- SDH syndromes- Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome- Neurofibromatosis type I (and brief mention about type 2)- Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndromeDisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for
The Adrenal Gland: incidentalomas, cancers, and functional tumours
This episode looks at the adrenal gland:- adrenal incidentalomas- the important questions to ask about adrenal lesions - is it cancer and is it functional? - workup of adrenal lesions- functional tests for corticosteroid hypersecretion (cushing's), catecholamine hypersecretion (pheochromocytoma), primary hyperaldosteronisms (Conn's syndrome) and sex hormone excess- screening, confirmator
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours
This episode covers everything you need to know about pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours- what they are- classification into functional and non-functional- risk factors and associated genetic syndromes- the different types of functional tumours, how they present and their biochemical testing- how to image localise and stage these tumours- WHO grading and TNM staging - management including which one
Hyperparathyroidism and calcium homeostasis
This episode covers a range of topics related to calcium:- pathophysiology of calcium homeostasis - causes of hypercalcaemia- workup of hypercalcaemia- presentation including symptoms and signs of hypercalcaemia- primary, secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism- diagnostic tests for diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism- imaging modalities to localise parathyroid adenomas- medical and surgic
Thyroid Cancer Management
This episode follows on from last week's episode on thyroid nodules and an introduction to thyroid cancer. We cover:- surgery for thyroid cancer- what to do with the lymph nodes- tumour markers (calcitonin, thyroglobulin and anti-Tg antibodies)- risk stratification- radioactive iodine- TSH suppression with thyroxine therapy- treatment of recurrent and palliative disease DisclaimerThe informat
Thyroid Nodules and Introduction to Thyroid Cancer
This episode covers the presentation and workup of thyroid nodules. It includes a targeted history, examination, blood tests, and imaging modalities. We also discuss the TI-RADS reporting system for thyroid nodule ultrasound scanning, and the Bethesda classification of thyroid FNA cytology.The end of this episode introduces us to the different types of thyroid cancer including- papillary- follicul
Thyroid - physiology, hyper and hypothyroidism, thyroid function tests, thyroiditis and thyrotoxicosis
This week's episode kicks off the endocrine content with the thyroid. In this episode we cover:- Physiology of thyroid hormone and iodine metabolism- Hyper and hypothyroidism- Interpreting thyroid function tests - Thyroiditis, covering: hashimoto's subacute, reidel's, postpartum, radiation and amiodarone thyroiditis- Thyrotoxicosis, covering: grave’s disease including thyroid eye di
Endocrine Anatomy and Embryology
Hi everyone! It's time to change tack and tackle the endocrine module from our curriculum.I have a feeling this will be a wild, feedback-cycle kind of ride, so let's ease ourselves into it with the anatomy and embryology of our favourite endocrine organs: the thyroid, parathyroids and adrenal glands.DisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes
Chronic Liver Failure and Perioperative Management
This week's episode covers chronic liver failure:- the causes- pathophysiology of what actually happens when the liver fails- diagnosis of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis- portal hypertension diagnosis and management- grading classification systems (Child-Pugh-Turcott and MELD scoring)- the perioperative management of a patient with chronic liver diseaseDisclaimerThe information in this p
Liver Infections
This week's episode covers liver infections, including pyogenic liver abscesses, hydatid cysts, amoebic abscesses and other rarer types of liver infections.We discuss the pathophysiology, lifecycle of the hydatid parasite, microbiology, diagnosis and treatment of these infections.DisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fe
Spleen
This week's episode covers all surgical topics related to the spleen:- anatomy- embryology- pathophysiology and function- all the things that can go wrong with the spleen including infections, cysts, splenomegaly, neoplastic conditions (primary and secondary), haematological disorders, congestive disorders, immunological disorders and trauma.- surgery for spleens including laparoscopic and o
Chronic Pancreatitis
This week's episode covers chronic pancreatitis- what is it- risk factors- pathophysiology of it's aetiology and complications- how it presents- diagnosis- imaging findings- complications- and managementDisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship Exam.This information is not to be considered to include any rec
Acute Pancreatitis
This episode covers acute pancreatitis.- risk factors- aetiology- pathophysiology (a beloved question in the exam)- workup- severity classification (including the apache score, modified glasgow critiera, ranson's criteria, IAP/APA guidelines, and revised Atlanta classification)- radiological classification (revised Atlanta) and radiological severity classification systems- management of pancr
Pancreatic Cancer
This episode covers pancreatic cancer. Topics discussed include:- risk factors- familial pancreatic cancer syndromes- pathophysiology- presentation- workup- staging- and treatment including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and palliative approachesDisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship Exam.This information is n
Liver Metastases and Liver Surgery
This episode delves into liver metastases and liver surgery. We discuss both colorectal and non-colorectal liver metastasesFor colorectal liver metastases we cover:- epidemiology- how they are diagnosed and how to work them up- medical treatment including chemotherapy both neoadjuvantly and adjuvantly- the decision making on who to operate on, and the treatment sequence when considering the colore
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Intraoperative Pitfalls
This week's operative episode covers laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and some of the intraoperative pitfalls they might throw your way in the exam.Topics covered, how to avoid them, and how to deal with them if they happen include every way your day can go from bad to worse when doing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy:- bleeding (hepatic artery, portal vein, middle hepatic vein)- anatomical variat
Guest Episode on Maximising Exam Performance with Sarah Dalton
We're taking a break this week from the HPB module to talk about the exam. Specifically how to manage your stress and maximise your performance in this awesome discussion with Dr Sarah Dalton. Dr Dalton is a performance coach and works with trainees on how to use the power of their mindset and thinking to overcome the issues we all face leading up to these sorts of exams.I really enjoyed our
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
This episode covers hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Topics covered include: - Epidemiology- Risk factors- Presentation- Surveillance- Histopathology including of pre-neoplastic / precursor lesions such as microscopic dysplastic foci and macroscopic dysplastic nodules- Diagnosis and imaging (including LIRADS)- Staging (TNM and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging System)- Treatment options- Follow
Non-Malignant Liver Lesions
Ever wanted to know how to differentiate all the different types of non-malignant liver lesions? Us too! Don't fret - this is the episode for you!It covers:- liver cysts- focal nodular hyperplasia- hepatocellular adenomas- haemangiomasAnd more!Learn what they are, how to diagnose them and differentiate them on imaging, and what to do with them on this episode of First Incision. DisclaimerThe
Benign Biliary Strictures and Choledochal Cysts
This episode briefly covers the various causes of benign biliary strictures. This includes:Iatrogenic causes- Bile duct injuries at cholecystectomy- Trauma, post-liver transplant, and hepaticojejunostomyGallstone related- Mirrizi syndromeInflammatory causes- Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis- Parasitic infections including liver flukes, echinococcus and roundworm- HIV/AIDS-associated cholangiopathy-
Cholangiocarcinoma
This episode covers cholangiocarcinoma:- the different types (intrahepatic, hilar and distal bile duct)- classification systems (Bismuth, TNM)- risk factors- presentation- imaging / workup- features of operability- management: including, operative, medical, interventional and palliativeDisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery F
Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms
This episode covers pancreatic cystic neoplasms including:Neoplastic mucinous cystic lesions- Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs)- Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs)Neoplastic non-mucinous cystic lesions- Serous cystic neoplasms / serous cystadenomas- Solid pseudopapillary neoplasmsWe cover their workup, radiological appearance, demographic information, FNA results, likely cytology and
Gallbladder adenomyomatosis, polyps and cancer
This week's episode covers three gallbladder pathologies from the hepatobiliary module of the curriculum: - gallbladder adenomyomatosis- gallbladder polypsand - gallbladder cancerThis episode covers the histopathology, pathophysiology, imaging findings, and what to do when you suspect gallbladder cancer preoperatively, intraoperatively and post-operatively.DisclaimerThe information in this po
Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Anatomy, Embryology and Variations
Welcome to the first episode of our new season! Moving onto hepatobiliary and pancreatic topics. This week we talk about liver, biliary and pancreatic anatomy, embryology and clinically important variations. Enjoy!DisclaimerThe information in this podcast is intended as a revision aid for the purposes of the General Surgery Fellowship Exam.This information is not to be considered to include any re
Colitis
This episode covers everything COLITIS!- infectious colitis - including a quick touch on common infectious causes and how to treat them- pseudomembranous colitis and clostridium difficile infection- diverticulitis in all it's glory - be prepared for some pathophysiology, classification systems (Hinchey I'm looking at you), and discussion about treatment- and to round them off we take a l
Volvulus and Pilonidal Disease
This week's mismatched topics (brought to you by boredom and Melbourne's 4th COVID lockdown) are:- Volvulus: including sigmoid and caecal volvulus. What are they, how do they present, and how do we treat them? AND- Pilonidal disease: what is it, pathophysiology, how it can present, how it is managed, and some operative steps for a Karydakis / Modified Bascom operation.Thanks for the sugg
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